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datenbanken:mysql_8.0 [2023-08-02 10:48:51] – [minimale Konfiguration von PXC 8.0] manfreddatenbanken:mysql_8.0 [2023-08-02 10:53:55] (aktuell) – [Installation von Oracle MySQL 8.0] manfred
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
 +====== MySQL 8.0 ======
 +
 +siehe auch:
 +  * [[https://severalnines.com/blog/moving-mysql-57-mysql-80-what-you-should-know/|Considerations Before Migrating to MySQL 8.0]]
 +  * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrade-before-you-begin.html|2.10.1 Before You Begin]]
 +  * [[https://dev.mysql.com/blog-archive/inplace-upgrade-from-mysql-5-7-to-mysql-8-0/|INPLACE upgrade from MySQL 5.7 to MySQL 8.0]]
 +  * [[::Datenbanken:Änderungen in PXC 8.0]]
 +  * [[::Datenbanken:MySQL Tuning]]
 +
 +
 +===== Installation von Oracle MySQL 8.0 =====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +root@db01:~# rm -f /etc/localtime ; ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/CET /etc/localtime
 +root@db01:~# timedatectl
 +               Local time: Mon 2023-06-19 14:26:33 CEST
 +           Universal time: Mon 2023-06-19 12:26:33 UTC
 +                 RTC time: Mon 2023-06-19 12:26:33
 +                Time zone: CET (CEST, +0200)
 +System clock synchronized: yes
 +              NTP service: active
 +          RTC in local TZ: no
 +
 +root@db01:~# service mysql restart
 +root@db01:~# echo "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%time_zone%';" | mysql -t
 ++------------------+--------+
 +| Variable_name    | Value  |
 ++------------------+--------+
 +| system_time_zone | CEST   |
 +| time_zone        | SYSTEM |
 ++------------------+--------+
 +</code>
 +
 +
 +===== GTID-Replication =====
 +
 +  * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/replication-configuration.html]]
 +  * **[[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/replication-gtids-howto.html]]**
 +  * **[[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/reset-replica.html]]**
 +  * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/replication-administration-skip.html]]
 +  * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-replication-excerpt/8.0/en/replication-administration-skip-gtid.html]]
 +
 +**__Alt:__**
 +  STOP SLAVE;
 +  RESET SLAVE ALL;
 +  CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='knoten01', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='otto', MASTER_PASSWORD='geheim', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1 FOR CHANNEL 'Knoten1';
 +  CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='knoten02', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='otto', MASTER_PASSWORD='geheim', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1 FOR CHANNEL 'Knoten2';
 +  START SLAVE;
 +
 +**__Neu (seit ''MySQL 8.0.23''):__**
 +  STOP REPLICA;
 +  RESET REPLICA ALL;
 +  CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO SOURCE_HOST='knoten01', SOURCE_PORT=3306, SOURCE_USER=otto, SOURCE_PASSWORD='geheim', SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION=1 FOR CHANNEL 'Knoten1';
 +  CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO SOURCE_HOST='knoten02', SOURCE_PORT=3306, SOURCE_USER=otto, SOURCE_PASSWORD='geheim', SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION=1 FOR CHANNEL 'Knoten2';
 +  START REPLICA;
 +  
 +  CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO SOURCE_LOG_FILE='source_log_name', SOURCE_LOG_POS=source_log_pos;
 +
 +  > echo "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'enforce_gtid_consistency';" | mysql -t
 +  +--------------------------+-------+
 +  | Variable_name            | Value |
 +  +--------------------------+-------+
 +  | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON    |
 +  +--------------------------+-------+
 +
 +
 +===== Installation von PXC 8.0 =====
 +
 +<hidden percona-keyring.gpg.b64>
 +<file percona-keyring.gpg.b64>
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 +</file>
 +</hidden>
 +
 +  > cat percona-keyring.gpg.b64 | base64 -d > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/percona-keyring.gpg
 +  > echo "deb http://repo.percona.com/ps-80/apt $(lsb_release -cs) main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list
 +  > echo "deb http://repo.percona.com/pxc-80/apt $(lsb_release -cs) main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list
 +  > echo "deb http://repo.percona.com/pxb-80/apt $(lsb_release -cs) main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list
 +  > echo "deb http://repo.percona.com/tools/apt $(lsb_release -cs) main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list
 +  > echo "deb http://repo.percona.com/prel/apt $(lsb_release -cs) main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list
 +  > apt update
 +  > apt install percona-xtradb-cluster-server percona-xtrabackup-80 net-tools
 +  > service mysql start
 +  > netstat -antp | egrep "3306|4444|4567|4568"
 +  > mysqlshow
 +
 +
 +==== minimale Konfiguration von PXC 8.0 ====
 +
 +<hidden /root/bin/Kontrolle.sh>
 +<file bash /root/bin/Kontrolle.sh>
 +#!/bin/bash
 +
 +echo "
 +SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name IN (
 +        'port',
 +        'wsrep_cluster_address'
 +);
 +SHOW STATUS WHERE variable_name IN (
 +        'wsrep_last_committed',
 +        'wsrep_local_send_queue_avg',
 +        'wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg',
 +        'wsrep_local_state_comment',
 +        'wsrep_cluster_size',
 +        'wsrep_local_bf_aborts'
 +);
 +" | mysql -t
 +</file>
 +</hidden>
 +
 +
 +<hidden /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/max_flushing.cnf>
 +<file bash /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/max_flushing.cnf>
 +[mysqld]
 +# https://www.percona.com/blog/2020/05/07/prepare-mysql-for-a-safe-shutdown/
 +# 4. Configure InnoDB for Max Flushing.
 +# SET GLOBAL innodb_fast_shutdown=0; SET GLOBAL innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=0; SET GLOBAL innodb_change_buffering='none';
 +# SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_fast_shutdown'; SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct'; SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_change_buffering';
 +innodb_fast_shutdown=0
 +innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=0
 +innodb_change_buffering='none'
 +</file>
 +</hidden>
 +----
 +
 +
 +=== als erstes knoten01 ===
 +
 +  > vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
 +  ...
 +  [mysqld]
 +  server-id                       = 1
 +  bind-address                    = 0.0.0.0
 +  ...
 +  wsrep_cluster_address           = gcomm://
 +  #wsrep_cluster_address           = "gcomm://knoten01,knoten02,knoten03"
 +  ...
 +  wsrep_cluster_name              = clustername
 +  wsrep_node_name                 = knoten01
 +  ...
 +
 +  > service mysql stop
 +  > rm -f /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
 +  > echo > /var/log/mysql/error.log
 +  > service mysql start
 +  > netstat -antp | grep -E "3306|4444|4567|4568"
 +  > mysqlshow
 +  
 +  > service mysql stop
 +  > rm -f /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
 +  > tar cvzf /tmp/mysql.tgz /var/lib/mysql
 +  > service mysql start
 +
 +
 +=== knoten02 bzw. knoten03 ===
 +
 +''/tmp/mysql.tgz'' muß von **Knoten01** auf **Knoten02** und **Knoten03** übertragen werden.
 +
 +  > vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
 +  ...
 +  [mysqld]
 +  server-id                       = 2
 +  bind-address                    = 0.0.0.0
 +  ...
 +  #wsrep_cluster_address           = gcomm://
 +  wsrep_cluster_address           = "gcomm://knoten01,knoten02,knoten03"
 +  ...
 +  wsrep_cluster_name              = clustername
 +  wsrep_node_name                 = knoten02
 +  ...
 +
 +  > vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
 +  ...
 +  [mysqld]
 +  server-id                       = 3
 +  bind-address                    = 0.0.0.0
 +  ...
 +  #wsrep_cluster_address           = gcomm://
 +  wsrep_cluster_address           = "gcomm://knoten01,knoten02,knoten03"
 +  ...
 +  wsrep_cluster_name              = clustername
 +  wsrep_node_name                 = knoten03
 +  ...
 +
 +  > service mysql stop
 +  > rm -f /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
 +  > echo > /var/log/mysql/error.log
 +  > rm -fr /var/lib/mysql/*
 +  > tar xvzf /tmp/mysql.tgz -C /
 +  
 +  > service mysql start
 +  > netstat -antp | grep -E "3306|4444|4567|4568"
 +  > mysqlshow
 +
 +
 +=== und am Ende knoten01 ===
 +
 +  > vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
 +  ...
 +  [mysqld]
 +  server-id                       = 1
 +  bind-address                    = 0.0.0.0
 +  ...
 +  #wsrep_cluster_address           = gcomm://
 +  wsrep_cluster_address           = "gcomm://knoten01,knoten02,knoten03"
 +  ...
 +  wsrep_cluster_name              = clustername
 +  wsrep_node_name                 = knoten01
 +  ...
 +
 +  > service mysql stop
 +  > rm -f /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
 +  > echo > /var/log/mysql/error.log
 +  > service mysql start
 +  > netstat -antp | grep -E "3306|4444|4567|4568"
 +  > mysqlshow
 +
 +
 +===== Percona-XtraDB =====
 +
 +siehe auch:
 +  * __Upgrading:__
 +    * __Oracle/MySQL:__ [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading.html]]
 +      * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html|Incompatible change]]
 +        * //Data Dictionary Changes//
 +        * //caching_sha2_password as the Preferred Authentication Plugin//
 +        * //Configuration Changes//
 +        * //Server Changes//
 +        * //InnoDB Changes => ''[[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-schema.html|INFORMATION_SCHEMA]] Tables''//
 +        * //SQL Changes//
 +        * //Changed Server Defaults//
 +    * __Percona:__ [[https://docs.percona.com/percona-xtradb-cluster/8.0/howtos/upgrade_guide.html]]
 +      * [[https://docs.percona.com/percona-server/8.0/ps-versions-comparison.html|List of features available in Percona Server for MySQL releases]]
 +      * [[https://docs.percona.com/percona-server/8.0/changed_in_version.html|Changed in Percona Server 8.0]]
 +  * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-nutshell.html|What Is New in MySQL 8.0]]
 +  * **[[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html#upgrade-sql-changes|Upgrade SQL Changes]]**
 +  * [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/faqs-replication.html|A.14 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Replication]]
 +
 +^  percona-xtradb-cluster-5.7                  ^  percona-xtradb-cluster-8.0                          ^ Bemerkungen  ^
 +| ''/etc/mysql/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf''  | ''/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf''    | default MySQL configuration file on **Debian** and **Ubuntu**   |
 +| ''/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf''        | ''/etc/my.cnf''                           | default MySQL configuration file on **Red Hat** and **CentOS**  |
 +| default authentication plugin: ''mysql_native_password''  |  default authentication plugin: ''caching_sha2_password''  | Be sure you are running on the latest 5.7 version before you upgrade to 8.0. ProxySQL option %%--%%syncusers will not work if the Percona XtraDB Cluster user is created using ''caching_sha2_password''. Use the ''mysql_native_password'' authentication plugin in these cases. => ''default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password''  |
 +| ''character_set_server=latin1''              | ''character_set_server=utf8mb4''                     | [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html|... und 37 weitere Optionen haben ihre Voreinstellung geändert]]  |
 +| keine Größenbeschränkung für Indizes **vor** ''5.7.35''  | Größenbeschränkung für Indizes auf ''767 Byte''  | Vor ''MySQL 5.7.35'' gab es keine Größenbeschränkung für Indizes in Tabellen mit redundantem oder kompaktem Zeilenformat. Ab ''MySQL 5.7.35'' liegt die Grenze bei ''767 Bytes''. Ein Upgrade von einer MySQL-Version vor ''5.7.35'' auf ''MySQL 8.0'' kann zu unzugänglichen Tabellen führen. Wenn eine Tabelle mit redundantem oder kompaktem Zeilenformat einen Index hat, der größer als ''767 Bytes'' ist, __löschen Sie den Index und erstellen Sie ihn vor einem Upgrade auf MySQL 8.0 neu__.  |
 +| ''query_cache_xxx''                          |  ---                                                 | [[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-nutshell.html#mysql-nutshell-removals|The query cache was removed.]] Removed in ''MySQL 8.0.3''.  |
 +| ''log_bin=OFF''                              | <del>''log_bin=ON''</del>                            | Bei Problemen, diese Option einfach aus der Konfiguration entfernen.  |
 +| ''log_slave_updates''                        | ''log_replica_updates''                              |   |
 +| ''expire_logs_days                = 7''      | ''binlog_expire_logs_seconds      = 604800''         |   |
 +| ''symbolic_links                  = 0''      | //ist bereits die Voreinstellung//                   |   |
 +| ''wsrep_slave_threads             = 8''      | ''wsrep_applier_threads           = 8''              |   |
 +| ''wsrep_sst_method                = rsync''  | ''wsrep_sst_method                = xtrabackup-v2''  | Die Unterstützung für mysqldump war ab PXC 5.7 veraltet und wurde nun vollständig entfernt. Die einzige unterstützte SST-Methode ist xtrabackup-v2. Die erforderlichen Percona XtraBackup (PXB)-Binärdateien werden jetzt als Teil von PXC 8.0 ausgeliefert, sie werden nicht für die allgemeine Verwendung installiert. Wenn Sie also PXB außerhalb eines SST verwenden möchten, müssen Sie PXB separat installieren.  |
 +| ''wsrep_sst_auth''                           |  ---                                                 | Da wsrep_sst_auth nur auf der Geberseite benötigt wird, um ein Backup zu erstellen, verwendet PXC 8.0 einen internen Benutzer (der speziell für die Verwendung durch PXC erstellt wurde) mit einem zufällig generierten Passwort. Da dieser Benutzer nur auf dem Spender benötigt wird, wird das Klartext-Passwort auf dem Joiner-Knoten nicht benötigt. Dieses Passwort besteht aus 32 zufällig generierten Zeichen. Für jede SST-Anfrage wird ein neues Passwort generiert. Der Klartext des Passworts wird nie gespeichert und verlässt den Knoten nie. Der Benutzername/das Passwort wird über unbenannte Pipes (stdin) an das SST-Skript gesendet.  |
 +| ''pxc-encrypt-cluster-traffic''              |  ---                                                 | In PXC 8 haben wir uns dafür entschieden, die Verschlüsselung standardmäßig für den gesamten Replikationsdatenverkehr zu aktivieren, um die höchste sofort einsatzbereite Sicherheit durchzusetzen. Obwohl dies eine offensichtliche Verbesserung ist, muss sich PXC 8 anders verhalten als sein Vorgänger PXC 5.7.  |
 +| ''mysql_upgrade''                            |  ---                                                 | Wenn PXC 8.0 erkennt, dass das SST von einer niedrigeren Version stammt, wird mysql_upgrade automatisch aufgerufen. Außerdem wird bei Bedarf „RESET SLAVE ALL“ auf dem neuen Knoten ausgeführt. Dies wird aufgerufen, wenn ein SST von PXC 5.7 und PXC 8.0 empfangen wird.  |
 +
 +Ab MySQL 8.0 - kein mysql_upgrade mehr:
 +  > mysql_upgrade 
 +  The mysql_upgrade client is now deprecated. The actions executed by the upgrade client are now done by the server.
 +  To upgrade, please start the new MySQL binary with the older data directory. Repairing user tables is done automatically.
 +  Restart is not required after upgrade.
 +  The upgrade process automatically starts on running a new MySQL binary with an older data directory.
 +  To avoid accidental upgrades, please use the --upgrade=NONE option with the MySQL binary.
 +  The option --upgrade=FORCE is also provided to run the server upgrade sequence on demand.
 +  It may be possible that the server upgrade fails due to a number of reasons.
 +  In that case, the upgrade sequence will run again during the next MySQL server start.
 +  If the server upgrade fails repeatedly, the server can be started with the --upgrade=MINIMAL option
 +  to start the server without executing the upgrade sequence, thus allowing users to manually rectify the problem.
 +