Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- nginx [2023-09-05 17:45:40] – [HTTP Header] david
+++ nginx [2024-07-27 22:34:48] (aktuell) – [SSL/TLS] david
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
+====== NGINX ======
+  * Neues: [[https://www.heise.de/news/Webserver-nginx-Fork-kommt-nach-Knatsch-zwischen-Kernentwickler-und-F5-9628847.html|Fork des Webservers nginx: Open Source statt Unternehmenswillkür]] - //2024-02-15//
+  * [[http://nginx.org/|NGINX]] - freie Version
+  * [[http://nginx.com/products/content-caching-nginx-plus/|NGINX Plus]] - kommerzielle Version
+  * [[https://www.howtoforge.com/serving-cgi-scripts-with-nginx-on-debian-squeeze-ubuntu-11.04-p3]]
+===== Basic Authentication =====
+  * [[https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/security-controls/configuring-http-basic-authentication/]]
+===== Konfiguration auf FreeBSD =====
+  > cd /usr/ports/www/nginx/ && make clean && make install
+  > cd /usr/ports/www/fcgi/ && make clean && make install
+  > cd /usr/ports/www/fcgiwrap/ && make clean && make install
+<code txt /etc/rc.conf>
+...
+nginx_enable=YES
+php_fpm_enable=YES                      # für PHP
+fcgiwrap_enable="YES"                   # für CGI (bash)
+fcgiwrap_user="www"
+fcgiwrap_socket="unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket"
+fcgiwrap_socket_owner="www"
+fcgiwrap_socket_mode="0770"
+</code>
+  > /usr/local/etc/rc.d/nginx restart
+  > /usr/local/etc/rc.d/php-fpm restart
+  > /usr/local/etc/rc.d/fcgiwrap restart
+===== Konfigurationsdatei (FreeBSD) =====
+<code nginx /home/etc/nginx/conf.d/server.conf>
+# Redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS
+server {
+    listen 80 default_server;
+    listen [::]:80 default_server;
+    location / {
+        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
+    }
+}
+# Default server
+server {
+    listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
+    ssl_certificate         /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/EXAMPLE.COM/fullchain.pem;
+    ssl_certificate_key     /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/EXAMPLE.COM/privkey.pem;
+    location / {
+        return 404;
+    }
+}
+server {
+    listen 443 ssl http2;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
+    # Server Whitelist for SNI Header (Server Name Indication)
+    server_name EXAMPLE.COM *.TESTSERVER.COM 10.0.0.100;
+    ssl_certificate         /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/EXAMPLE.COM/fullchain.pem;
+    ssl_certificate_key     /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/EXAMPLE.COM/privkey.pem;
+    # verify chain of trust of OCSP response using Root CA and Intermediate certs
+    ssl_trusted_certificate /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/EXAMPLE.COM/chain.pem;
+    # OCSP stapling
+    ssl_stapling on;
+    ssl_stapling_verify on;
+    # Improve HTTPS performance with session resumption
+    ssl_session_timeout 1d;
+    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;  # about 40000 sessions
+    ssl_session_tickets off;
+    # only TLS 1.3 ciphers -> 100% ssllabs (cipher strength)
+    ssl_protocols TLSv1.3;
+    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
+    # curves which are equivalent of >=4096 rsa (only secp521r1 and secp384r1) -> 100% ssllabs (kex/key exchange)
+    ssl_ecdh_curve secp521r1:secp384r1;
+    # HSTS (ngx_http_headers_module is required)
+    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always; # 1 year = 31536000 seconds
+    # replace with the IP address of your resolver
+    #resolver 127.0.0.1;
+    #resolver [2606:4700:4700::1111] 1.1.1.1 [2606:4700:4700::1001] 1.0.0.1;
+    resolver 192.168.1.4 [2606:4700:4700::1111] 1.1.1.1;
+    root /home/http;
+    index index.html index.php doku.php;
+    client_max_body_size 15M;
+    client_body_buffer_size 128K;
+    location /
+    {
+        try_files $uri $uri/ @dokuwiki;
+    }
+    location ^~ /conf/
+    {
+        return 403;
+    }
+    location ^~ /data/
+    {
+        return 403;
+    }
+    location ~ /\.ht
+    {
+        deny all;
+    }
+    location @dokuwiki
+    {
+        rewrite ^/_media/(.*)           /lib/exe/fetch.php?media=$1     last;
+        rewrite ^/_detail/(.*)          /lib/exe/detail.php?media=$1    last;
+        rewrite ^/_export/([^/]+)/(.*)  /doku.php?do=export_$1&id=$2    last;
+        rewrite ^/(.*)                  /doku.php?id=$1                 last;
+    }
+    location ~ \.php$
+    {
+        include fastcgi_params;
+        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
+        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+    }
+    location /cgi-bin/
+    {
+        include fcgiwrap_params;
+        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
+        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+    }
+    location ~ /cgi-bin/foto\.cgi$
+    {
+        auth_basic              "Multimedia";
+        auth_basic_user_file    /home/etc/httpd/.htpwd_multimedia;
+        include fcgiwrap_params;
+        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+        fastcgi_pass  unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
+    }
+    location /daten/mm/oeffentlich/
+    {
+        auth_basic              "Multimedia";
+        auth_basic_user_file    /home/etc/httpd/.htpwd_multimedia;
+        autoindex on;
+    }
+    location /foto/
+    {
+        auth_basic              "Multimedia";
+        auth_basic_user_file    /home/etc/httpd/.htpwd_multimedia;
+    }
+    location ~* ^(\/_matrix|\/_synapse\/client) {
+        proxy_pass http://localhost:8008;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header Host $host;
+        # Nginx by default only allows file uploads up to 1M in size
+        # Increase client_max_body_size to match max_upload_size defined in homeserver.yaml
+        client_max_body_size 50M;
+    }
+}
+</code>
+===== Beispielkonfiguration (Ubuntu) =====
+Unterstützt PHP, CGI und Webapps hinter einem Reverse Proxy (z.B. NodeJS und ASP.NET Core)
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d/server.conf>
+# Redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS
+server {
+    listen 80 default_server;
+    listen [::]:80 default_server;
+    location / {
+        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
+    }
+}
+# Default server
+server {
+    listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
+    include snippets/ssl.conf;
+    location / {
+        return 404;
+    }
+}
+server {
+    listen 443 ssl http2;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
+    include snippets/ssl.conf;
+    # Server Whitelist for SNI Header (Server Name Indication)
+    server_name EXAMPLE.COM *.TESTSERVER.COM 10.0.0.100;
+    root /var/www;
+    index index.html index.php;
+    # replace with the IP address of your resolver
+    #resolver 127.0.0.1;
+    resolver [2606:4700:4700::1111] 1.1.1.1 [2606:4700:4700::1001] 1.0.0.1;
+    # redirect to custom 404 error page on 403 or 404
+    error_page 403 =404 /404.html;
+    error_page 404 =404 /404.html;
+    client_max_body_size 15M;
+    client_body_buffer_size 128K;
+    location /
+    {
+        autoindex off;
+        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
+    }
+    location ~ /\.ht
+    {
+        deny all;
+    }
+    location ^~ /data/
+    {
+        autoindex on;
+        auth_basic "Please enter your login information";
+        auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
+    }
+    # CGI
+    location ^~ /cgi-bin/
+    {
+        include fastcgi_params;
+        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
+        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+    }
+    # PHP
+    location ~ \.php$
+    {
+        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
+        include fastcgi_params;
+        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php-fpm.sock;
+        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+    }
+    # NodeJS
+    location ^~ /helloworld-nodejs
+    {
+        include snippets/webapp-proxy.conf;
+        proxy_pass http://localhost:8001/;
+    }
+    # ASP.NET Core
+    location ^~ /helloworld-aspnet
+    {
+        include snippets/webapp-proxy.conf;
+        proxy_pass http://localhost:8002/;
+    }
+}
+</code>
+===== Konfiguration mit Snippets (Ubuntu) =====
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/nginx.conf>
+user www-data;
+worker_processes auto;
+pid /run/nginx.pid;
+include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
+events {
+    worker_connections 768;
+    # multi_accept on;
+}
+http {
+    map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
+        default upgrade;
+        ''      close;
+    }
+    include mime.types;
+    default_type application/octet-stream;
+    include snippets/ssl.conf;
+    http2 on;
+    http3 on;
+    client_body_buffer_size 128K;
+    client_max_body_size 128M;
+    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
+    gzip on;
+    index index.html;
+    proxy_hide_header X-Powered-By;
+    resolver [2606:4700:4700::1111] 1.1.1.1 [2606:4700:4700::1001] 1.0.0.1;
+    sendfile on;
+    server_tokens off;
+    tcp_nopush on;
+    types_hash_max_size 2048;
+    ##
+    # Basic Settings
+    ##
+    #types_hash_max_size 2048;
+    #server_tokens off;
+    # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
+    # server_name_in_redirect off;
+    #include mime.types;
+    #default_type application/octet-stream;
+    ##
+    # SSL Settings
+    ##
+    #ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
+    #ssl_protocols TLSv1.3 TLSv1.2;
+    #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
+    ##
+    # Logging Settings
+    ##
+    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
+    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
+    ##
+    # Gzip Settings
+    ##
+    #gzip on;
+    # gzip_vary on;
+    # gzip_proxied any;
+    # gzip_comp_level 6;
+    # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
+    # gzip_http_version 1.1;
+    # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
+    ##
+    # Virtual Host Configs
+    ##
+    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
+    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
+}
+</code>
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf>
+server {
+    listen 80 default_server;
+    listen [::]:80 default_server;
+    include snippets/header.conf;
+    location / {
+        return 308 https://$host$request_uri;
+    }
+}
+server {
+    listen 443 quic default_server;
+    listen [::]:443 quic default_server;
+    listen 443 ssl default_server;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
+    include snippets/header.conf;
+    include snippets/header-policy.conf;
+    location / {
+        return 404;
+    }
+}
+</code>
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.conf>
+server {
+    listen 443 quic;
+    listen [::]:443 quic;
+    listen 443 ssl;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl;
+    server_name ~^www.(?<domain>.+)$;
+    include snippets/header.conf;
+    include snippets/header-policy.conf;
+    location / {
+        return 308 https://$domain$request_uri;
+    }
+}
+</code>
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d/EXAMPLE.COM.conf>
+server {
+    listen 443 quic;
+    listen [::]:443 quic;
+    listen 443 ssl;
+    listen [::]:443 ssl;
+    # Server Whitelist for SNI Header (Server Name Indication)
+    server_name EXAMPLE.COM;
+    root /data/www/EXAMPLE.COM;
+    include snippets/header.conf;
+    include snippets/header-policy.conf;
+    include snippets/fastcgi.conf;
+    location / {
+        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
+    }
+    location /data/ {
+        auth_basic "Please enter your login information";
+        auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
+        autoindex on;
+    }
+}
+</code>
+==== Snippets ====
+=== SSL/TLS ===
+siehe [[letsencrypt#mit_hook|letsencrypt (mit hook)]]
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/snippets/ssl.conf>
+# ssl certificate and private key
+# ECDSA
+ssl_certificate         /etc/letsencrypt/live/ecdsa-EXAMPLE.COM/fullchain.pem;
+ssl_certificate_key     /etc/letsencrypt/live/ecdsa-EXAMPLE.COM/privkey.pem;
+# RSA
+ssl_certificate         /etc/letsencrypt/live/rsa-EXAMPLE.COM/fullchain.pem;
+ssl_certificate_key     /etc/letsencrypt/live/rsa-EXAMPLE.COM/privkey.pem;
+# SSL Labs (Cipher Strength): min. AES-256 equivalent for 100% grade (TLS 1.3 requires a AES-128 cipher tho)
+ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305;
+ssl_conf_command Ciphersuites TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256;
+#ssl_conf_command Ciphersuites TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256;
+ssl_conf_command Options ServerPreference,PrioritizeChaCha;
+# curl -so /etc/ssl/ffdhe4096.pem https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/ffdhe4096.txt
+# ln -s /etc/ssl/ffdhe4096.pem /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem
+ssl_dhparam dhparam.pem;
+# SSL Labs (Key Exchange): min RSA 4096 equivalent curves for 100% grade (x25519 is only equivalent to RSA 3072)
+ssl_ecdh_curve X448:X25519:secp521r1:secp384r1;
+#ssl_ecdh_curve X448:secp521r1:secp384r1;
+ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
+ssl_protocols TLSv1.3 TLSv1.2;
+# improve HTTPS performance with session resumption
+ssl_session_timeout 1d;
+ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;  # about 40000 sessions
+ssl_session_tickets off;
+# OCSP stapling
+ssl_stapling on;
+ssl_stapling_verify on;
+# verify chain of trust of OCSP response using root ca and intermediate certs
+# combine to one file as this directive can only be specified once
+# cat /etc/letsencrypt/live/*/chain.pem > /etc/letsencrypt/live/chain.pem
+ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/chain.pem;
+</code>
+=== HTTP Header ===
+  * [[https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers|HTTP Header]]
+  * [[https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Strict-Transport-Security|HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)]]
+  * [[https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Alt-Svc|Alternative Service (Alt-Svc)]]
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/snippets/header.conf>
+# HSTS
+# 1 year = 31536000 seconds
+#add_header Strict-Transport-Security 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains' always;
+# HSTS preloading (see https://hstspreload.org)
+add_header Strict-Transport-Security 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload' always;
+# HTTP/2 & HTTP/3
+# 1 day = 86400 seconds
+add_header Alt-Svc 'h3=":443"; ma=86400, h2=":443"; ma=86400';
+add_header Referrer-Policy 'no-referrer' always;
+add_header X-Content-Type-Options 'nosniff' always;
+add_header X-XSS-Protection '1; mode=block' always;
+</code>
+=== HTTP Header (Policy) ===
+  * [[https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers|HTTP Header]]
+  * [[https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy/|Content Security Policy (CSP)]]
+    * [[https://csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com/]]
+  * [[https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Permissions-Policy|Permissions Policy]]
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/snippets/header-policy.conf>
+add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'none'; frame-ancestors 'none'; base-uri 'none'; object-src 'none'; form-action 'none'; style-src 'self' https:; script-src 'self'; img-src 'self' https: data:; font-src 'self' https:; upgrade-insecure-requests" always;
+add_header Permissions-Policy "camera=(), display-capture=(), fullscreen=(), geolocation=(), microphone=(), web-share=()" always;
+</code>
+=== PHP & CGI Location-Blöcke ===
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/snippets/fastcgi.conf>
+# FastCGI
+# these two lines
+#include fastcgi_params;
+#fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+# can also be replaced by
+#include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf
+# if it exists
+# CGI
+location ~ /cgi-bin/.+\.cgi$
+{
+    if (!-f $request_filename) { return 404; }
+    include fastcgi_params;
+    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+    fastcgi_param HTTPS $https;
+    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
+}
+# PHP
+location ~ \.php$
+{
+    if (!-f $request_filename) { return 404; }
+    include fastcgi_params;
+    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+    fastcgi_param HTTPS $https;
+    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php-fpm.sock;
+}
+</code>
+=== Reverse Proxy Header für Webapplikationen ===
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/snippets/proxy-headers.conf>
+# Proxy Headers for web apps
+proxy_http_version 1.1;
+proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
+proxy_set_header Connection keep-alive;
+proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+proxy_set_header Host $host;
+proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
+</code>
+=== WebM MIME-Types für Matroska Dateien ===
+  * WebM MIME types for Matroska files
+<code nginx /etc/nginx/snippets/webm-mkv.conf>
+location ~ \.mkv$ {
+    types {
+        video/webm mkv;
+        audio/webm mka;
+        text/vtt mks;
+    }
+}
+</code>